An Ultra-Low Power, "Always-On" Camera Front-End for Posture Detection in Body Worn Cameras Using Restricted Boltzman Machines

The Internet of Things (IoTs) has triggered rapid advances in sensors, surveillance devices, wearables and body area networks with advanced Human-Computer Interfaces (HCI). One such application area is the adoption of Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) by law enforcement officials. The need to be ‘always-on’ puts heavy constraints on battery usage in these camera front-ends thus limiting their widespread adoption. Further, the increasing number of such cameras is expected to create a data deluge, which requires large processing, transmission and storage capabilities. Instead of continuously capturing and streaming or storing videos, it is prudent to provide “smartness” to the camera front-end. This requires hardware assisted image recognition and template matching in the front-end capable of making judicious decisions on when to trigger video capture or streaming. Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) based neural networks have been shown to provide high accuracy for image recognition and are well suited for low power and re-configurable systems. In this paper we propose an RBM based “always-on’’ camera front-end capable of detecting human posture. Aggressive behavior of the human being in the field of view will be used as a wake-up signal for further data collection and classification. The proposed system has been implemented on a Xilinx Virtex 7 XC7VX485T platform. A minimum dynamic power of 19.18 mW for a recognition accuracy of more than 80% has been measured. The hardware-software co-design illustrates the trade-offs in the design with respect to accuracy, resource utilization, processing time and power. The results demonstrate the possibility of a true “always-on” body-worn camera system in the IoT environment. Keywords—Body Worn Cameras, Smart Front-end, Restricted Boltzmann Machines, Low Power Recognition, Human Action Recognition (key words)